Summer Mathematics Assignment Reference Sheet

Here are some helpful hints as you complete your assignment:

Statistics

Mean:  The average of a set of data.  Add the data and then divide by the number of items       in your data.

Median:  The middle of a set of data.  Order your data from least to greatest and then find     the middle number.

Mode:  The most frequent number in a set of data.

Range:  The highest minus the lowest number in a set of data.

Fractions

Changing a mixed number to an improper fraction

Example:  Multiply 9 by 3 and add 5, which is 32.  Put this value in the numerator.  Keep the denominator of the fraction.  .

Adding or subtracting mixed numbers or fractions

Change any mixed numbers to improper fractions.  Then, create equivalent fractions that have a common denominator.

Order of Operation

Parentheses

Exponents

Multiplication and/or Division from left to right

Addition and/or Subtraction from left to right

Prime and Composite Numbers

Prime:  A number whose only factors are one and itself.  Example:  5. 

Composite:  A number that has factors other than one and itself.  Example:  8.

Inequalities

> Means “greater than” and is denoted by an open circle on the number line.

< Means “less than” and is denoted by an open circle on the number line.

≥ Means “greater than or equal to” and is denoted by a closed circle on the number line.

≤ Means “less than or equal to” and is denoted by a closed circle on the number line.

Plotting Ordered Pairs on a Coordinate Plane

Example (5, 6) 

The first number in the ordered pair is the x coordinate.  Start at the origin and move right for a positive value or left for a negative value.  Remember, the x axis is the horizontal axis.

The second number in the ordered pair is the y coordinate.  After moving left or right for your x coordinate, move up for a positive value or down for a negative value.  Remember, the y axis is the vertical axis.

Solving Equations

Isolate the variable means to get the variable, or letter, by itself.  Use the inverse, or opposite, operation to “undo” the number.

Here are some helpful books you can use as you complete your assignment.  They are available at Baltimore County Public Libraries.

Jones, Teri Crawford.  Math: a reference for students and parents.  Call Number J 513 J.

Kogelman, Stanley.  Only math book you'll ever need.  Call Number 513.9 K 1994.

Prindle, Anthony.  Math the easy way.  Call Number 513 P 2003.

Ross, Debra.  Master math: basic math and pre-algebra.  Call Number 513.2 R.

Zeman, Anne.  Everything you need to know about math homework.  Call Number J (Ref) 510 Z.

Here are some helpful websites you can use as you complete your assignment. 

http://www.aaamath.com/index.html    Excellent site is searchable by grade level or topic. Includes explanations and examples of everything from addition to algebra.

http://www.aplusmath.com/    Elementary school age students can get help with addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.  Fun flashcards too.

http://www.mathforum.com/math.topics.html    Math resources by subject for K-12, college, and advanced students at the Math Forum.

http://www.webmath.com/    Type in a math problem and this Discovery School site shows the process of solving it. Includes division, geometry, and algebra.

  http://www.math.com     Help with homework and everyday mathematics for all grade levels.  Includes practice activities.